苏丹草小斑病病原鉴定

通过对苏丹草新病害苏丹草小斑病病原与玉米小斑病菌和苏丹草大斑病菌的比较研究，鉴定出苏丹草小斑病病原与玉米小斑病病菌是同一个种，不玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢〔Ｂｉｐｏｌａｒｉｓ ｍａｙｄｉｓ（Ｎｉｓｈｉｋａｄｏ＆Ｍｉｙａｂｅ）Ｓｈｏｅｍａｌｃｅｒ＝Ｈｅｌｍｉｎｔｈｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ｍａｙｄｉｓ Ｎｉｓｈｉｋａｄｏ＆Ｍｉｙａｂｅ＝Ｃｏｃｈｌｉｏｂｏｌｕｓ ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ（Ｄｒｅｃｈｓ．）Ｄｒｅｃｈｓｌｅｒ（有性世代）〕，苏丹草是一种新寄主。     

接种AM真菌对不同育苗基质中甜椒苗期生长的影响

研究比较普通土、秸秆有机土和草碳蛭石3种育苗基质中接种两种丛枝菌根真菌GM、GV对甜椒苗期生长的影响，结果表明：在营养含量较高的有机土育苗基质中，接种AM真菌对甜椒苗的影响最弱，而在营养水平较低的草碳蛭石无土育苗基质中，接种AM真菌对甜椒苗有显著的促进作用，其中AM真菌在草炭蛭石中对甜椒苗根系的侵染率也最高，而GM的接种效果优于GV。     

河北植物新增补属、种与入侵物种新分布

报道了《河北植物志》与《河北高等植物名录》未记录的植物1属3种1变种。其中拔毒散(Sida szechuen-sis Matsuda)、偃狗尾草[Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv. var. depressa(Honda)Kitag.]在河北省首次记录。     

Impact of tree coppicing on tree-crop competition in parkland and alley farming systems in semiarid Burkina Faso

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tree coppicing on tree-crop competition in farmed parkland and in alley farming, both in semiarid Burkina Faso.Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) was studied in the parklands, while neem,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (albizia) andLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) were investigated in the alley farming system. The crop was sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in both cases.Under non-coppiced neem trees in the parkland, the sorghum yield at 0–3 m distance from the tree (under the tree canopy) was 82% of open field yields at 6–9 m distance, but the difference was not significant (p=0.07). Close to trees (0–3 m distance) which had been coppiced before planting, the sorghum yield was 148% of open field yields. In alley farming, early coppicing was superior; sorghum yields were highest close to trees coppiced early and lowest close to trees coppiced late.

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Résumé La présente étude se propose d'évaluer les effets de la taille sur la concurrence entre arbres et cultures dans les parcs arborés et dans les cultures en couloir, en climat semiaride (Burkina Faso). Les espèces étudiées ont été:Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) dans les parcs et neem,Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (albizia) ainsi queLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) dans les cultures en couloir. Dans les deux cas la plante cultivée concerné a été le sorgho blanc (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).Sous les neems non taillés des parcs, le rendement du sorgho cultivé de 0 à 3 m de l'arbre (sous le bouppier de l'arbre) a atteint 82% du rendement obtenu en plein champ, soit à une distance de 6 à 9 m de l'arbre (différence non significative,p=0.07). Une taille effectuée en début de campagne a entraîné un accroissement du rendement de 148% pour les cultures situées de 0 à 3 m de l'arbre, par rapport aux rendements en plein champ.Dans les cultures en couloir, on a constaté qu'une taille precoce est préférable, c'est à dire que les rendements de sorgho ont été supérieurs dans les lignes proches des arbres taillés tôt que dans celles proches des arbres taillés tard.

     

Does streptobacillary arthritis reduce house mouse population density,activity and damage to sorghum crops?

An experiment to examine the effect of streptobacillary arthritis on mouse populations was conducted in maturing sorghum crops in mouse-proofed pens. There were three treatment pens and three control pens in which mice with and without clinical signs of streptobacillary arthritis were introduced, respectively. A constant mouse density (533 mice ha⁻¹) was introduced to the pens by releasing 12 mice in each pen. The sex ratio of introduced mice was also constant by releasing in each pen nine males and three females. Mean track index was lower in treatment pens than in control pens, indicating that streptobacillary arthritis reduced the activity of mice. However, this was not translated into a reduction in other population responses. Mean mouse density at harvest, percentage of female pregnant at harvest, yield loss caused by mice and a feeding index (oil card index) did not differ significantly between treatment and control groups. A plausible explanation for these findings was that mice with the clinical signs might be less active but were able to consume as much grains as mice without the clinical signs because food was in abundant supply.     

春季栽培甜玉米品种鄂甜玉6号的种植密度筛选试验

为了研究春季栽培时,不同定植密度对甜玉米品种鄂甜玉6号主要农艺性状、产量及品质的影响,对2800、3200、3500、4000株／667m^2 4个种植密度进行了比较试验,结果显示,春季栽培时3200～3500株／667m^2为鄂甜玉6号最适宜的种植密度．其产量较高。     

Prediction of total phenols,condensed tannins,and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum grain using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy

The reported high phenolic levels in sorghum have led an interest from sorghum breeding programs in developing and identifying germplasms with high phenolic levels, which require screening a large number of samples to find those with the highest levels. Since wet chemistry screening methods are slow, expensive, and destructive, the use of NIR calibration curves could be an alternative. The objectives of this project were to determine the variation range in total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin levels in a diverse set of sorghum genotypes and to assess the predictive value of NIR curves to estimate these compounds in sorghum. A calibration curve to estimate each compound was developed and validated with an independent validation set. Calibration curve correlations for total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were r = 0.98, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. Correlations between NIR-predicted values and reference values in the validation set were significant for total phenols (r = 0.93), condensed tannins (r = 0.81) and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (r = 0.82). These indicated that sufficient variation for these compounds existed within sorghum and that NIR calibration curves could be used to rapidly and non-destructively predict total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins concentrations in whole grain sorghum.     

甜樱桃新品种在天水地区的引种表现

为提升天水市甜樱桃果品质量,以瑞德、含香、布鲁克斯、福晨4个甜樱桃品种为试验材料,进行引种观察。结果表明,供试品种在天水均为6月上旬成熟期,果实形态特征各异,果实可溶性固形物含量品种间差异不显著,单果重、可滴定酸含量、果实硬度(带皮)在不同品种间有显著性差异。供试品种均适宜在天水市栽培。     

高梁链格孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定

[目的]为高梁链格叶斑病的防治提供依据。[方法]对高粱叶片上的一种叶斑病进行了病原菌的分离与鉴定。[结果]病原菌在PDA平板上生产迅速．菌丝边缘白色．中央灰绿色;分生孢子串联成链状,褐色,近圆柱状或倒棍棒状,有横隔膜2～7个．纵隔膜0～4个．鉴定其为链格孢属（Alternaria）真菌。[结论]该病在高粱叶片上发病严重,应对其侵染治病过程以及致病机制进行进一步研究。     

资丘木瓜产地干燥加工方法的研究

[目的]比较产地直接干燥方法和药典加工方法对资丘木瓜药材质量的影响,确定适合资丘木瓜的产地加工方法。[方法]采用直接干燥的加工方法与药典加工方法对资丘木瓜的新鲜果实进行干燥加工,对加工后的药材进行折干率、水分含量、醇溶性浸出物含量、总灰分、酸度、齐墩果酸含量、熊果酸含量的测定比较。[结果]2种加工方法的药材,在外观性状上无明显差异;其折干率、总灰分、酸度之间的差异不显著,而含水量与醇溶性浸出物含量之间存在显著性差异。传统方法加工的药材中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量之和高于药典加工方法,但2种加工方法无显著性差异。[结论]综合能源消耗和干燥效果考虑,资丘木瓜药材产地采用直接干燥的加工方法较为适宜。